References
by 5minuteairway

Supplemental O2

Supplemental O2 will depend on multiple factors including nose versus mouth breathing, fit of mask, minute ventilation

blow by editBlow by Nasal Cannula or Mask
Flow Rate: up to 10L/min
FiO2:  <30%

  • Passive oxygenation for via nasal cannula or face mask for agitated children unable to tolerate other means of oxygenation
  • Unreliable means of oxygenation with variable results

Oxygen-Nasal-Cannula

Nasal Cannula
Flow Rate: 1-6L/min
FiO2: 21%-40%

  • The most commonly used oxygen therapy in adults
  • Unless the oxygen is humidified and heated, rates greater than 6L/min are not well tolerated
  • Oxygen concentration is also dependent on respiratory rate, depth of breathing and mouth breathing
  • Does not provide positive pressure
  • Useful in apneic oxygenation and preoxygenation
  • FIO2 = 21% + 3%(L/min) roughly

hi flow nasal cannula edit

High Flow Nasal Cannula
Flow Rate: up to 60L/min
FiO2: 21-100%

  • Humidification required at high flow rates
  • Preferred in patients unable to tolerate a mask or NIPPV
  • Creates positive pressure by opposition of expiration
  • Evidence for both hypercapnic and hypoxic respiratory failure
  • Growing evidence for pre-oxygenation and apneic oxygenation
  • Dependent on respiratory rate, depth of breathing and mouth breathing

 

simple face maskSimple Face Mask
Flow Rate: 5-6L/min
FiO2: 30-50%

  • Minimal reservoir may prevent some CO2 rebreathing
  • No significant advantage over nasal cannula

 

partial rebreatherPartial Rebreather Mask
Flow Rate: 10-15L/min
FiO2: 50-60%

  • Simple face mask with a reservoir decreases CO2 rebreathing
  • Bag must inflate for reservoir to work

 


Nonrebreather MaskNon-rebreather mask
Flow Rate: 10-15L/min
FiO2: 60-95%

  • Two one-way valves limit rebreathing of expired air and mixing of room air
  • Third valve is often left open in case of oxygen failure
  • Considered standard of preoxygenation
  • Upper limit of FiO2 dependent on seal to face and open third valve

 

Venturi MaskVenturi-Mask-Colours
Flow Rate: 3-15L/min
FiO2: 24-50%

  • Simple face mask with corrugated tubing with attached colored diluter
  • Colored diluter is responsible for selecting specific FiO2
  • Recommended O2 flow rate increases with FiO2
  • Used in patients with a stable oxygen requirement

 

Article by Terren Trott @tsquaredmd